What Is Tooth Decay?
Tooth decay, also known as dental caries or cavities, is primarily caused by a combination of bacteria, sugary foods, poor oral hygiene, and other oral health factors.
Use the accordion sections below to learn more about the common causes of tooth decay and how to prevent it.
Dental Plaque
Plaque is a sticky, colourless film of bacteria that constantly forms on the teeth. These bacteria feed on sugars and carbohydrates from food and drinks, producing acids that can erode tooth enamel and lead to cavities.
Sugary and Acidic Foods
Frequent consumption of sugary foods, refined carbohydrates, soft drinks, and acidic beverages can increase the risk of tooth decay. These foods fuel harmful bacteria and can directly weaken enamel.
Poor Oral Hygiene
Inadequate brushing and flossing allow plaque to build up on the teeth. The longer plaque remains, the greater the chance that bacteria will produce acids that attack enamel.
Dry Mouth
Acid Reflux and Gastrointestinal Issues
Conditions such as acid reflux, frequent vomiting, or gastrointestinal disorders can expose the teeth to stomach acids, which may erode enamel over time.
Genetics
Some people may be more likely to develop tooth decay because of inherited factors that affect enamel strength, saliva production, or the natural shape of the teeth.
Inadequate Fluoride Exposure
Fluoride helps strengthen enamel and protect teeth from acid attacks. A lack of fluoride from drinking water, toothpaste, or professional dental treatments can increase the risk of tooth decay.
How to Prevent Tooth Decay
- Brush your teeth at least twice a day using fluoride toothpaste
- Floss daily to remove plaque between teeth
- Limit sugary foods and acidic drinks
- Drink plenty of water
- Visit your dentist regularly for checkups and cleanings
- Use fluoride treatments if recommended by your dentist
Tooth decay is a preventable condition. Maintaining good oral hygiene habits, following a balanced diet low in sugary and acidic foods, attending regular dental check-ups, and using fluoride-based oral care products can help reduce the risk of cavities and promote long-term oral health. For more information, please view our oral hygiene instruction page and oral health products page for additional guidance on maintaining healthy teeth and gums.